European Pepper Imports
and Population Growth
The data for pepper imports up to about 1650 is taken from a chart in C.H.H. Wake, “The Portuguese factory and trade in pepper in Malabar during the 16th century” in Spices in the Indian ocean World (Aldershot, UK; Brookfield, VT: Variorum, c. 1996), 173 and the later figures from Kristof Glamman, Dutch-Asiatic Trade: 1620-1740 (Copenhagen: Nijhoff, 1958), 74. Population figures are from Atlas of World Population History (New York: Facts on File, 1978), 18.
